Indices & Data / Thematic Trackers / Religion Map Tracker
⬤ Thematic Tracker

Religion Map Tracker

The most comprehensive publicly available dataset on religious composition by country — drawing on census records, national surveys, demographic modelling, and Pew Research projections to produce percentage-level breakdowns of religious affiliation across 190+ countries and territories. Where census data is unavailable, estimates are modelled explicitly and flagged.

✓ Country profiles — Free ⬤ Full dataset — Subscription


Religious composition by country · % of population · Illustrative Pakistan Thailand Saudi Arabia India Ethiopia Russia USA Brazil Israel China Christian Muslim Hindu Buddhist Jewish Folk None
Religious composition varies dramatically — composition data drives geopolitical, social, and market intelligence
190+
Countries and territories with religious composition data
10
Major religious traditions tracked with sub-denomination detail
50+
Primary data sources including census, surveys, and academic datasets
~40
Countries where data is modelled due to absent or unreliable census records
Global religious landscape

The world by religion

Christianity and Islam together account for over half the world’s population. But aggregate global figures obscure the geographic concentration that makes religious composition so relevant to political and economic risk analysis — a country that is 97% Muslim has a fundamentally different risk profile from one that is 50% Christian and 45% Muslim, even if both fall into the same macro category.

31%
Christianity
2.4 billion · Largest in Europe, Americas, sub-Saharan Africa
25%
Islam
1.9 billion · Dominant in Middle East, North Africa, Central & SE Asia
15%
Hinduism
1.2 billion · Concentrated in India, Nepal, Mauritius
16%
Unaffiliated
1.2 billion · Concentrated in China, Europe, North America
7%
Buddhism · 506M
6%
Folk & Traditional · 430M
<1%
Judaism · 16M
<1%
Other religions · ~500M
Sample country profiles ✓ Public

Selected country-level religious compositions. The full dataset — including sub-denomination breakdowns, demographic projections to 2050, data quality scores, and source attribution — is available on subscription.

Selected country profiles

✓ Public
CountryMajority religion%Data quality
Saudi ArabiaIslam93%Census
IndiaHinduism80%Census
ThailandBuddhism95%Census
IsraelJudaism75%Census
BrazilChristianity87%Census
ChinaUnaffiliated52%Modelled
EthiopiaChristianity75%Census
Bosnia & HerzegovinaIslam51%Census
NigeriaChristianity~50%Contested
FranceUnaffiliated40%Survey

Most religiously diverse countries

✓ Public
CountryLargest group%Diversity
SingaporeBuddhist31%Very high
SurinameHindu27%Very high
NigeriaChristian~50%High
LebanonMuslim~61%High
TanzaniaChristian63%High
Côte d’IvoireMuslim43%High
Guinea-BissauMuslim46%High
Trinidad & TobagoChristian65%Moderate
USAChristian63%Moderate
South AfricaChristian86%Low

Full Religion Map dataset · 190+ countries · denomination-level detail

⬤ Subscription required
CountryChristian %Muslim %Hindu %Unaffiliated %Source
Australia43.93.22.738.9Census 2021
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Full dataset requires access

The complete Religion Map — all 190+ countries with denomination-level breakdowns including Buddhist, Jewish, Folk and Other sub-categories, 2050 projections, diversity scores, and full source attribution — is available on subscription.

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Methodology

How the data is built — and where it is modelled

Religious affiliation data is among the most complex demographic statistics to collect accurately. Census coverage is uneven, self-identification varies culturally, state repression distorts reported figures in some countries, and the definition of “affiliated” differs significantly across religious traditions. We document every source and flag modelled estimates explicitly.

Tier 1 — Census data
  • Direct national census records
  • Available for ~110 countries
  • Most recent census used as baseline
  • Adjusted for census age where >10 years old
  • Sub-denomination data extracted where published

Marked: Census [year]

Tier 2 — National surveys
  • Pew Research Global Religious Futures
  • World Values Survey (WVS)
  • Arab Barometer (MENA region)
  • Afrobarometer (sub-Saharan Africa)
  • Latinobarómetro (Latin America)

Marked: Survey [source/year]

Tier 3 — Modelled estimates
  • ~40 countries with no reliable census/survey
  • Bayesian estimation from proxy variables
  • Linguistic and ethnic group correlation
  • Historical and colonial heritage weighting
  • Neighbouring country and regional priors

Marked: Modelled [confidence band]

Tier 4 — Contested / suppressed
  • Countries where data is politically sensitive
  • State restrictions on minority self-identification
  • Active contestation between official and estimated figures
  • Both official and estimated figures published
  • Divergence explicitly noted and explained

Marked: Contested — see notes

Sub-denomination tracking
  • Christianity: Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Evangelical, Other
  • Islam: Sunni, Shia, Ibadi, Ahmadiyya, Other
  • Hinduism: major sampradaya traditions where data exists
  • Buddhism: Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana, Other
  • Judaism: Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Secular
Demographic projections
  • 2030 and 2050 projections for all countries
  • Based on Pew Research Centre modelling
  • Incorporates fertility differentials by religion
  • Migration and conversion rates factored
  • High / central / low projection scenarios
Data quality scoring
  • Every country receives a data quality score (A–D)
  • A: Recent census, high confidence
  • B: Survey-based, good coverage
  • C: Modelled estimate, moderate confidence
  • D: Highly uncertain, wide confidence band
Known data challenges
  • China: state restrictions on religious self-identification
  • Nigeria: census does not include religion (last: 1963)
  • France: census legally cannot ask about religion
  • North Korea: independent data impossible to obtain
  • Saudi Arabia: non-citizen population significantly Muslim
Intelligence applications

Why religious composition matters for risk intelligence

Religious composition is not inherently a risk indicator — but it is a structural variable that intersects with political stability, social cohesion, minority rights, conflict risk, and market behaviour in ways that are consistently underweighted in standard risk frameworks.

POLITICAL RISK

State religion & minority dynamics

The relationship between the state and religious institutions, the legal status of religious minorities, and the role of religion in political mobilisation are all structural political risk variables.

CONFLICT

Sectarian and intercommunal tension

Religious diversity indices and composition data are among the most consistently significant predictors of intercommunal conflict risk when combined with political and economic vulnerability indicators.

MARKET

Consumer behaviour & market entry

Religious composition directly affects consumer markets — from halal and kosher certification requirements to dietary products, financial services (Islamic finance), and retail calendar effects.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Fertility differentials & population change

Religious affiliation correlates with fertility rates in most countries — making religious composition data essential for longer-term demographic projections and the political shifts that follow from them.

Get full access to the Religion Map Tracker

190+ countries. Denomination-level detail. 2050 projections. Data quality ratings and full source attribution for every country.